Question of Grammatical Analysis

[irf2k]

Assalamu Alaikum,
The following question and answer by Dr Abdur Rahim may interest you:


*** Question ***
Date: Sun, 29 Nov 2009 20:04:13 -0800
From: *********@yahoo.com
Subject: سؤال إعربي
To: info@lqtoronto.com

السلام عليكم و رحمة الله وبركاته ,
كيف الحال أخي الحبيب ؟ اسمي أبو سليمان محمد عبد العظيم من أمريكا , و عندي سؤال مهم لك - بارك الله فيكم ما
هو إعراب لهذي الآية الكريمة ؟ (( وامْرأتُهُ حمّالةَ الحطب )) آية من سورة المسد
يعني : حمّالة - منصوب , لماذا ؟
جزاكم الله كل خير
أخوكم في الله أبو سليمان محمد عبد العظيم بن بيكر

*** Answer ***

From: Shayk Abdur Rahim
To: info@lqtoronto.com

يُسَمّى هذا النعتَ المَقطوعَ، يختلف فيه النعتُ عن المنعوتِ في الإعرابِ، وسببُ الاختلاف أمران إضمارُ مبتدأ، أو إضمار فعل، والغرض من القطع : المدحُ، أو الذّمُّ، أو التّرحُّمُ، نحو قولنا أطْعِمْ هذاالولدَ المسكينُ أي هو المسكين، وما سلّمتُ على هذا الرجلِ المتكبِّرَ أي أذُمُّ المتكبرَ
وفي قوله تعالى (وامرأتُه حمّالة الحطبِ في جيدها حبل من مسد) لفظ امرأته مبتدأ وحمالةَ نعت مقطوع وهومنصوبٌ بفعلٍ مقدَّرٍ تقديرُهُ أذُمُّ، وفي جيدها حبل من مسد خبره

[Aaishah]

Assalaamu 'alaikum

May Allaah reward the questioner for an excellent question, and reward our Shaykh for his excellent, clear and thought-provoking reply.

This was very much appreciated.

Wassalaam

[nurul marjan]

salam,
thanks for sharing the Q&A. i find it beneficial yet there are few things i couldn't understand and i pledge those who know to help me figure out:
1. what is نعت مقطوع
1. what is إضمار مبتداء andإضمار فاعل

~a student

[Aaishah]

Assalaamu ‘alaikum Brother/Sister nurul marjan

This is a reply based only on my understanding of what our Shaykh has already explained above, and based on other excellent notes I have read on this subject also written by our Shaykh. You have asked about an interesting grammatical concept.

What is النعتُ المقطوعُ :

نَعْتٌ:

Linguistically and grammatically means:

Adjective.

مَقْطُوعٌ :

Linguistically means :

Severed,

Cut-off,

Lopped-off.

مَقْطُوعٌ is :

اسمُ الْمَفْعُولِ مِنْ : قُطِعَ – يُقْطَعُ

To be cut off, severed, lopped-off.

So :

النعتُ المقطوعُ :

May be translated as:

‘The cut-off adjective’.

What is it grammatically ?

First of all, in a normal situation, we know the na’t (adjective) follows its man’uut (noun being described) in four matters: case-ending is one of them.

If the man’uut has a clear dammah, then the na’t ( which we assume here is a mu’rab noun other than mabniyy, nor a noun having i’raab taqdiiriyy, [eg. al-baakiy (the crying)] - then the na’t must also take a clear dammah, and faithfully follow its man’uut.

Likewise, if the man’uut has a clear fathah, then the na’t must take a clear fathah(which the ism manquus can take here : eg. al-baakiya ) ; if kasrah then kasrah. This is what the Madinah Books teach us about the rules for na’t and man’uut.

But al-na’tu l-maqtuu’u is a grammatical phenomenon where the na’t surprisingly takes on a separate and different case-ending from the man’uut . This “separation” from the man’uut in terms of its case-ending, gives it the description: “cut-off adjective ”.

The na’t rendered “ cut-off ” from the man’uut, is for a wisdom and far-reaching benefit which students will learn about later inshaa Allaah.

When the na’t is cut-off from the man’uut, it is no longer a na’t grammatically, but instead becomes either:

A) a khabar for a concealed (or estimated) mubtada', or

B) a maf’uul bihi for a concealed (or estimated) verb.

This is what our Shaykh was referring to – in my understanding - when he said:

إِضْمَارُ مُبْتَدَاءٍ :

- which may be translated as:

‘the concealment of a mubtada’/ the hiding of a mubtada’

إِضْمَارُ فِعْلٍ

‘the concealment of a fi’l / the hiding of a verb’.

Here are the examples our Shaykh has used which I will re-write as follows:

1) Firstly with the adjective being an adjective grammatically (i.e. let it follow the case-ending of the man’uut);

2) Re-write the sentences exposing the concealed mubtada / concealed verb (within the original sentence itself) - which will transform the na’t into: al-na’tu l-maqtuu’u.

Important Note: the exposure of the concealed mubtada or concealed verb in the original construction of the sentence, is only for the purpose of illustrating this concept, since you will also learn, that the concealed elements are actually never to be exposed and mentioned in the original sentence. This is because exposing them will - in my understanding - defeat the whole purpose and benefit for which al-na’tu l-maqtuu’u serves to bring about in the listener.

Please look at the case-endings carefully:

أطْعِمْ هذاالولدَ الْمِسْكِينَ (a)

.…al-walada al-miskiina

a) ‘Feed this poor boy’

ما سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى هذا الرَّجُلِ الْمُتَكَبِّرِ (b)

…al-rajuli al-mutakabbiri

b) ‘I did not give salaam to this haughty man’


BUT :

أطْعِمْ هذاالولدَ الْمِسْكِينُ (c)

…al-walada al-miskiiNU

ما سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى هذا الرَّجُلِ الْمُتَكَبِّرَ (d)

…al-rajuli al-mutakabbiRA

- Because in c) and d) the speaker actually means:

أطْعِمْ هذاالولدَ (هو) الْمِسْكِينُ

ما سَلَّمْتُ عَلَى هذا الرَّجُلِ (أَذُمُّ) الْمُتَكَبِّرَ

In c) “ al-miskiinu” is no longer the adjective. It is now marfuu’ and its i’raab – as indicated by our Shaykh in his answer - would be said to be:


نعتٌ مقطوعٌ وَهُوَ مَرْفُوعٌ بِمُبْتَدَأٍ مُقَدَّرٍ تقديرُهُ : هو،

In d) "al-mutakabbira" is no longer the adjective. It is now mansuub and its i‘raab – as stated by our Shaykh - is :


نعتٌ مقطوعٌ وَهُوَ مَنْصُوبٌ بِفِعْلٍ مُقَدَّرٍ تقديرُهُ: أذُمُّ،


As mentioned, this is only my understanding based on what our Shaykh has already explained, and from other notes by our Shaykh on this subject from which I have stretched a long response from.

Wallaahu Ta’aalaa ‘A’lam.

Wassalaam

PS A note on i‘raab.

In :

أطْعِمْ هذاالولدَ الْمِسْكِينَ

Al – miskiina = na’t for (al-walada).

Al-walada = badal min (haadhaa); and the man’uut.

Haadhaa = maf’uul bi-hii for (‘at’im), fii mahalli nasb.

[adilbarra]

BISMIALLAAH

assalamu alayke sister Aaisha,

Wa Allaahi, I am truly amazed of your efforts, the way you search for the answers to assist people understand the language of the Glorious Qur'an, and how you answer the questions. May Allaahu ta'ala allow you to master this honoured language and guide you to teach it to mankind one day; baaraka Allaahu feek.

[Aaishah]

Originally Posted by adilbarra

bismiallaah

assalamu alayke sister aaisha,

wa allaahi, i am truly amazed of your efforts, the way you search for the answers to assist people understand the language of the glorious qur'an, and how you answer the questions. May allaahu ta'ala allow you to master this honoured language and guide you to teach it to mankind one day; baaraka allaahu feek.

وعليكم السلام ورحمةُ اللهِ وبركاته

أمّا بعدُ
فجزاكم اللهُ خيرا
وفيكم بارك اللهُ.

والسلام.