أين vs حيث

[Karim]

assalamu allaikum,

sorry, that i asks questions almost all day, im a little bit shame, but i want to understand arabic 100%. in one lesson you can read that the teacher says to one of his pupil this: اجلس حيث تشاء
can we replace this haifa with aina and say: ijlis aina tascha???
and can we replace any aina with haifa for example, we dont say: aina muhammad, we say haifa muhammad???

and i have a second question. can we use both tascha and turidu. can we say for example a tascha schai-an li aschraba, or have we to use here turido anyway???

sorry, and a third question:
in => in scha-a allah, this is past, why we dont say in yascha-a allah???

[Aaishah]

wa ‘alaykumus salaam wa raHmatullaah Brother Karim,

اجْلِسْ حَيْثُ تَشَاءُ .

This roughly means :

“Sit where you wish.”


أَيْنَ = “where ??”

- This is a questioning noun.

حَيْثُ = “where.”

- This is not a questioning noun.

We cannot replace حَيْثُ with أَيْنَ .

This is because “ayna” is an ismu l-istifhaam .

(Ref. Madinah Book 3, lesson 1)

i.e. it is a questioning noun, used in a question. (It is an ism and has various grammatical roles).

But “Haythu” is not a questioning noun.

“Haythu” is a type of noun that tells us the place of an action.

So the job of “Haythu” is to indicate the place of an action.

But the job of “ayna” is to ask a question.

We use it to ask about all kinds of things.

Knowing this, we can use “Haythu” in reply to a question with “ayna”.

E.g.

أينَ أَجْلِسُ ؟

“Where shall I sit ?? ”

We can reply :

اجْلِسْ حَيْثُ تَشَاء.ُ

“Sit where you wish.”

So "Haythu" indicates the place of the action.

The action is "sit".

The place is : "where you wish".

Next, are some important grammatical notes on how to use “Haythu” in the Arabic language.

The Arabic term for this type of noun is:

zarfu l-makaan. (Ref. Madinah Book 3)

Quote ---------------------------------

حيثُ :

zarfu l-makaan

“where”

- [it is] followed by nominal or verbal sentence as mudaaf ilayhi.

E.g.

اجْلِسْ حيثُ زُمَلاَؤُكَ جَالِسُونَ .

“Sit where your class-mates are sitting.”

( nominal sentence [after Haythu ] )


قِفْ حيثُ تَرَاهُ وَلاَ يَرَاكَ.

“Stand where you can see him and he cannot see you.”

( verbal sentence [after Haythu] )


End quote ------------------------------------

Reference : pg 59 of :

“A Glossary of Words Used in

دروسُ اللغةِ العربيةِ لغيرِ الناطقين بِهَا:

Arabic-English Dictionary

By Dr. V. Abdur Rahim

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As our Shaykh mentions, it is followed by a nominal or verbal sentence which is the mudaaf ilayhi. This means that "Haythu" is used mudaaf. The sentence after it is therefore fii maHalli jarr.

You will cover all this and other zuruuf (plural of zarf) in depth in Madinah Book 3, inshaa Allaah.


***************
أَرَادَ يُرِيدُ

شَاءَ يَشَاءُ

Both these verbs mean :

“to want, to wish”

(Ref. Our Shaykh’s Arabic-English Dictionary)

Knowing when to use which verb, will come with more reading and practice of Arabic inshaa Allaah.

One idea, is to collect as many sentences as you can from the conversations and exercises in the Madinah Books where both verbs are used. Then look at the context. You will get a good idea on their usage.

**********

إنْ شاءَ اللهُ

Even though the past-tense verb is used, this is a type of grammatical structure which indicates a future meaning.

This is how our Shaykh translates it in his Dictionary, pg 113 :

Quote ------------

إنْ شَاءَ اللهُ

“If Allah Wills.”

end quote----------

You will meet this إنْ , and cover why the past-tense verb is used here, in detail in lesson 15, Madinah Book 3, inshaa Allaah.

Hope this was helpful to you.

May Allaah help us understand the clear language of the Noble Qur’aan.

Wassalaam

[Aaishah]

Assalaamu ‘alaikum Brothers and Sisters,

Following the reply # 2 regarding the word, حَيْثُ , here are more beneficial words of our Shaykh Abdur Rahim on this topic.

I quote from pg 66 and 68 of the recent release of our Shaykh’s aHaadiith book (in Arabic) in which he has gathered 20 Prophetic Narrations to teach the sciences of the Arabic language, and expounded their lexical and grammatical content in depth.

The title is :

نُصُوصٌ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ النَّبَوِيِّ الشَّرِيفِ

جَمَعَها وشَرَحَها

الدكتورُ ف. عبدُ الرحيمِ

(Re-print Aug 2009 CE)

Quote -----------------------------------------------------

فَقَالَ : " يَا أُنَيْسُ ، اذْهَبْ حَيْثُ أَمَرْتُكَ ".

(الْحَدِيثُ)

حَيْثُ :

ظَرْفُ مَكَانٍ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ فِي مَحَلِّ نَصْبٍ عَلَى الظَّرْفِيَّةِ.

تَقُولُ :

اسْكُنْ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ.

وَهِيَ تُلاَزِمُ الإِضَافَةَ إِلَى الْجُمْلَةِ. تُضَافُ إِلَى الْجُمْلَةِ الْْفِعْلِيَّةِ

وَالْجُمْلَةِ الاِسْمِيَّةِ ،

نَحْوُ:

(أ) اسْكُنْ حَيْثُ يَسْكُنُ الطُّلاَّبُ.

(ب) اجْلِسْ حَيْثُ حَامِدٌ جَالِسٌ.

وَتَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا (مِنْ) الْجَارَّةُ ،

نَحْوُ:

لِمَ خَرَجْتَ مِنْ حَيْثُ كُنْتَ ؟

وَفِي التَّنْزِيلِ:

وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ

(البقرة: 149


End quote ------------------------------------------------------

More details about this excellent book and some of the aHaadiith selected for study, are here :

http://www.lqtoronto.com/forums/showthread.php?t=230

Replies #3 and # 6.

May Allaah preserve our Shaykh and likewise all our Muslim Scholars.

Wassalaam